By Cath Mc

2025 年 2 月 16 日 PM11:45

Professional woman talks in an international business meeting, after English classes for adults at the British Council

How well can you speak English? (您的英語說得如何?) 

也許有人問過您這個問題?或者您也曾經問過自己這個問題!我們使用英語動詞 'can' 來談論能力。這通常是我們在英語課堂上最先學習的動詞之一。在這篇部落格文章中,我們將探討我們在英語會話中使用單字 can 的時機和方式。 

使用「Can」的時機? 

Can 是一種情態動詞。與其他情態動詞一樣,Can 有幾種不同的功能。最常見的是當我們談論一般能力時。   

I can count to 30 in Russian. (我能使用俄語數到 30。) 

Daniela can swim 100 lengths of the pool. (Daniela 能游完 100 趟泳池的長度。)   

Can 的否定形式是 can is cannot, or can't.   

I can't speak French at all. (我完全不會說法語。) 

Ali can't play the piano. (Ali 不會彈鋼琴)。 

Jenny can't bake cakes. (Jenny 不會烤蛋糕。)   

如何使用「Can」表達請求許可 

我們還使用單字 can 來表達請求許可或給予許可。 

Can I have another piece of cake please? 

My son can stay out until 12 tonight. 

為了更禮貌或正式,我們可以使用 'may' 來達到相同的功能:   

May I have a coffee please?   

在這裡,相反的用法是 can't.   

You can't go to the park until you finish your homework. 

He can't come in, because he's not invited. 

提供和要求 

我們在提供某樣東西時也會使用 'can': 

Can I help you with your bag? 

Can I get you another cake? 

我們也可以使用 'can' 來提出請求。   

Can you open the window please? 

Can you come here for a minute?   

請注意,如果您想要更有禮貌,在提出要求或請求時可以使用 'could’ 來代替 can。在英語中,could 這個單字通常聽起來更具試探性,因此感覺更禮貌,尤其是對老年人。   

Could you come here for a minute? 

Could I get you a drink? 

使用 'Can' 來表示一般事實   

Can 也可用來談論通常為真實的事情。但這些情況可能並非適用於所有情境。   

Too much time in front of a screen can lead to loneliness 

Studying too hard can be a problem for young people. 

Can 在英語中的使用規則有哪些?   

作為情態動詞,can 不像一般動詞那樣變化。它只有一種形式,因此使用起來很簡單。但這也表示,在談論過去或未來或使用不定詞時,我們必須改用其他動詞形式。在這些情況下,我們使用 'be able to'.請參考以下例子: 

I think I can unlock the door with this key  (Present) 

I was able to unlock the door with the key (past - talking about a specific event) 

In the future I will be able to speak English fluently (Future) 

I would love to be able to write beautiful poetry. (infinitive)   

Can 的否定形式是 can is can't, or cannot.最常用的形式是 can't,。但是,如果我們想特別強調,可能會使用完整形式。比較:   

She can't tell you what to do! 

She cannot tell you what to do!(通常屬於更強調) 

疑問句的形成方式是 can + 主詞: 

Can Jodie come to the party? 

Can you see the board OK? 

使用「can」或「could」的例外情況 

有時當我們想更正式或更禮貌地表達時,會使用 could 而非  can。但是當我們談論一般能力時,could 也是 can 的過去式。看看這些句子:   

When I was at university I could choose to study three languages. 

I could read music much better when I was younger. 

在這兩種情況下,都暗示您不再擁有這些能力或選項。 

雖然我們只用 could 來談論一般的過去能力,但我們使用否定式  couldn't 來談論一般的過去能力以及只發生過一次的事情。 
 
如果要談論只發生一次的事情,我們也可以使用「be able to」,所以這三個句子都是可能的:   

When he was a child he couldn't play any instruments. 

John couldn't fix his computer, so he's taken it to a shop. 

John wasn't able to fix his computer, so he's taken it to a shop. 

在英語中使用「can」的常見錯誤   

一個很常見的錯誤是在 can 後面接不定詞。但像所有情態動詞一樣,這種用法是不正確的。情態動詞後面總是跟隨原形不定詞 (也就是不帶「to」的不定詞)。   

I can't to go to the party, because I don't feel well. (我不能去參加派對,因為我覺得不舒服。)✗ 

I can't go to the party, because I don't feel well. (我不能去參加派對,因為我覺得不舒服。)✓   

學習英語的學生也經常忘記「can」沒有未來式,他們使用 'will can' (這種用法是絕對不正確的!)   

In the future I will can drive. (將來我會能開車。)✗ 

In the future I will be able to drive. (將來我會有能力開車。)✓   

另一個常見的錯誤是,談論過去時,混淆了 could 和 be able to。記得問問自己,是要談論一般的能力或技能,還是某個只發生過一次的事情,例如被困在電梯裡。 

After half an hour of being stuck inside, George could open the lift door. (困在電梯裡半小時後,George 有能力打開門。)✗ 

After half an hour of being stuck inside, George was able to open the lift door. (困在電梯裡半小時後,George 終於成功打開了門。)✓ 

歌詞中使用「can」的名曲   

  • 《Can You Ever Forgive Me?》 是一部 2018 年的喜劇片,講述了一位失意的作家想出了一個賺錢的計劃。Melissa McCarthy 憑藉在該劇中的出色演出獲得了奧斯卡獎提名。 
  • 披頭四樂團寫了一首關於兩個人努力相處的歌曲。〈We Can Work It Out〉這首歌在 1965 年大受歡迎,因為它傳達了我們可以透過更多傾聽彼此來解決問題的訊息。 
  • Justin Timberlake 那首極具吸引力的歌曲〈Can't Stop the Feeling〉最初出現在熱門電影《Trolls》的原聲帶中。他無法停止這種感覺 (或者說,從影片來看,是無法停止跳舞!) 

Mini quiz   

找出並改正這些句子中的錯誤。   

  1. Did you can play a musical instrument when you were at school? 
  2. Marta can to come to the meeting on Thursday. 
  3. I got up early yesterday and I could finish my project on time. 
  4. May you open the window please? 
  5. You need to ask your parents if you are able to stay out until midnight tomorrow.  

Answers 

  1. Could you play a musical instrument when you were at school? 
  2. Marta can come to the meeting on Thursday. 
  3. I got up early yesterday and I was able to finish my project on time. 
  4. Can you open the window please? 
  5. You need to ask your parents if you can stay out until midnight tomorrow.