How well can you speak English? (您的英語說得如何?)
也許有人問過您這個問題?或者您也曾經問過自己這個問題!我們使用英語動詞 'can' 來談論能力。這通常是我們在英語課堂上最先學習的動詞之一。在這篇部落格文章中,我們將探討我們在英語會話中使用單字 can 的時機和方式。
使用「Can」的時機?
Can 是一種情態動詞。與其他情態動詞一樣,Can 有幾種不同的功能。最常見的是當我們談論一般能力時。
I can count to 30 in Russian. (我能使用俄語數到 30。)
Daniela can swim 100 lengths of the pool. (Daniela 能游完 100 趟泳池的長度。)
Can 的否定形式是 can is cannot, or can't.
I can't speak French at all. (我完全不會說法語。)
Ali can't play the piano. (Ali 不會彈鋼琴)。
Jenny can't bake cakes. (Jenny 不會烤蛋糕。)
如何使用「Can」表達請求許可
我們還使用單字 can 來表達請求許可或給予許可。
Can I have another piece of cake please?
My son can stay out until 12 tonight.
為了更禮貌或正式,我們可以使用 'may' 來達到相同的功能:
May I have a coffee please?
在這裡,相反的用法是 can't.
You can't go to the park until you finish your homework.
He can't come in, because he's not invited.
提供和要求
我們在提供某樣東西時也會使用 'can':
Can I help you with your bag?
Can I get you another cake?
我們也可以使用 'can' 來提出請求。
Can you open the window please?
Can you come here for a minute?
請注意,如果您想要更有禮貌,在提出要求或請求時可以使用 'could’ 來代替 can。在英語中,could 這個單字通常聽起來更具試探性,因此感覺更禮貌,尤其是對老年人。
Could you come here for a minute?
Could I get you a drink?
使用 'Can' 來表示一般事實
Can 也可用來談論通常為真實的事情。但這些情況可能並非適用於所有情境。
Too much time in front of a screen can lead to loneliness
Studying too hard can be a problem for young people.
Can 在英語中的使用規則有哪些?
作為情態動詞,can 不像一般動詞那樣變化。它只有一種形式,因此使用起來很簡單。但這也表示,在談論過去或未來或使用不定詞時,我們必須改用其他動詞形式。在這些情況下,我們使用 'be able to'.請參考以下例子:
I think I can unlock the door with this key (Present)
I was able to unlock the door with the key (past - talking about a specific event)
In the future I will be able to speak English fluently (Future)
I would love to be able to write beautiful poetry. (infinitive)
Can 的否定形式是 can is can't, or cannot.最常用的形式是 can't,。但是,如果我們想特別強調,可能會使用完整形式。比較:
She can't tell you what to do!
She cannot tell you what to do!(通常屬於更強調)
疑問句的形成方式是 can + 主詞:
Can Jodie come to the party?
Can you see the board OK?
使用「can」或「could」的例外情況
有時當我們想更正式或更禮貌地表達時,會使用 could 而非 can。但是當我們談論一般能力時,could 也是 can 的過去式。看看這些句子:
When I was at university I could choose to study three languages.
I could read music much better when I was younger.
在這兩種情況下,都暗示您不再擁有這些能力或選項。
雖然我們只用 could 來談論一般的過去能力,但我們使用否定式 couldn't 來談論一般的過去能力以及只發生過一次的事情。
如果要談論只發生一次的事情,我們也可以使用「be able to」,所以這三個句子都是可能的:
When he was a child he couldn't play any instruments.
John couldn't fix his computer, so he's taken it to a shop.
John wasn't able to fix his computer, so he's taken it to a shop.
在英語中使用「can」的常見錯誤
一個很常見的錯誤是在 can 後面接不定詞。但像所有情態動詞一樣,這種用法是不正確的。情態動詞後面總是跟隨原形不定詞 (也就是不帶「to」的不定詞)。
I can't to go to the party, because I don't feel well. (我不能去參加派對,因為我覺得不舒服。)✗
I can't go to the party, because I don't feel well. (我不能去參加派對,因為我覺得不舒服。)✓
學習英語的學生也經常忘記「can」沒有未來式,他們使用 'will can' (這種用法是絕對不正確的!)
In the future I will can drive. (將來我會能開車。)✗
In the future I will be able to drive. (將來我會有能力開車。)✓
另一個常見的錯誤是,談論過去時,混淆了 could 和 be able to。記得問問自己,是要談論一般的能力或技能,還是某個只發生過一次的事情,例如被困在電梯裡。
After half an hour of being stuck inside, George could open the lift door. (困在電梯裡半小時後,George 有能力打開門。)✗
After half an hour of being stuck inside, George was able to open the lift door. (困在電梯裡半小時後,George 終於成功打開了門。)✓
歌詞中使用「can」的名曲
- 《Can You Ever Forgive Me?》 是一部 2018 年的喜劇片,講述了一位失意的作家想出了一個賺錢的計劃。Melissa McCarthy 憑藉在該劇中的出色演出獲得了奧斯卡獎提名。
- 披頭四樂團寫了一首關於兩個人努力相處的歌曲。〈We Can Work It Out〉這首歌在 1965 年大受歡迎,因為它傳達了我們可以透過更多傾聽彼此來解決問題的訊息。
- Justin Timberlake 那首極具吸引力的歌曲〈Can't Stop the Feeling〉最初出現在熱門電影《Trolls》的原聲帶中。他無法停止這種感覺 (或者說,從影片來看,是無法停止跳舞!)
Mini quiz
找出並改正這些句子中的錯誤。
- Did you can play a musical instrument when you were at school?
- Marta can to come to the meeting on Thursday.
- I got up early yesterday and I could finish my project on time.
- May you open the window please?
- You need to ask your parents if you are able to stay out until midnight tomorrow.
Answers
- Could you play a musical instrument when you were at school?
- Marta can come to the meeting on Thursday.
- I got up early yesterday and I was able to finish my project on time.
- Can you open the window please?
- You need to ask your parents if you can stay out until midnight tomorrow.