By British Council Taiwan

2025 年 2 月 21 日 PM07:31

Smiling young man at university in headphones, on his way to English class for adults at the British Council

隨著您的英語技能的提高並且能夠表達更複雜的想法時,您就會時常使用多個動詞來組成句子。在英語中有兩種方法可以做到這一點: 
 
1:使用動名詞 (以 -ing 結尾的動詞)  
2。 或使用不定詞 (動詞 + to)。 
 
但是如何知道要使用哪種動詞?在這篇部落格文章中,我們將研究後面接 to 的英語動詞和後面接 ing 的英語動詞。 
 
如果這能讓您稍感安慰,英語動詞即使對有經驗的學生來說,仍然會造成困擾。因此,參加成人英語課程會是一個非常明智的選擇。您可以向老師提問並即時獲得解答。而且,您可以在課堂上與其他學員一起練習英語對話,互相學習。請參考以下成人英語課程

英語的動名詞和不定詞動詞的使用時機? 

Do you enjoy learning English? 
Do you want to improve your English level?  

請注意,每個句子中有兩個英語動詞。 
Sentence 1: enjoy, learn.  
Sentence 2:  want, improve. 
 
句子中的第一個動詞決定了第二個動詞後面接 -ing 還是 to。 
在英語中,動詞 enjoy 後面必定加上動詞 + -ing 形式。want 這個動詞後面必定加上動詞 + to 形式。 

英語動詞接 -ing 的文法規則是什麼? 

為什麼有些英語動詞後面接動名詞,有些則是接不定詞動詞?簡單來說:無從得知,這就是英語演變的結果。 
 
一本好的英語文法書會列出哪些動詞後面接動名詞,哪些動詞後面接不定詞 -- 您只需要熟記這些清單。聆聽英語對話並了解動詞的常見用法也有幫助。這也是為什麼您應該考慮參加成人英語會話課程的原因之一。  

為了方便起見,這裡列出了一些最常用的英語動詞及其範例:  

常見的英語動詞後接不定詞 +​​to 

afford 

 

She can’t afford to buy a new computer now, so she’s borrowed mine. 

agree 

 

Do you agree to follow the rules? 

decide 

 

I’ve decided to move out of the city 

forget 

 

Don’t forget to lock the door when you leave! 

help 

 

Can you help to carry this bag, please? 

hope 

 

I hope to be back before 10pm tonight 

learn 

 

Joi learnt to speak English when he was five. 

need 

 

Do you need to go to the bank? There’s one there。 

offer 

 

Dan offered to take me home 

plan 

 

We plan to visit New York next summer. 

pretend 

 

Lola was pretending to be asleep. 

promise 

 

Do they promise to come to the party? 

seem 

 

He seems to like his new school 

want 

 

He doesn’t want to go to his piano class 

Would like 

 

I’d really like to visit Spain. 

常見的英語動詞後接動名詞 -ing: 

enjoy 

 

I enjoy going to the cinema. 

finish 

 

I finished studying and then went to the pub. 

imagine 

 

Can you imagine living in that palace? 

mind 

 

Do you mind helping me with this bag? 

Spend (time) 

 

She spends a lot of time uploading photos to the internet. 

suggest 

 

She suggests going to bed an hour earlier. 

avoid 

 

I’d avoid going that way -- there’s traffic jam! 

 請注意,更多的動詞是接不定詞,而非動名詞。因此,如果您不確定,建議您嘗試使用不定詞。 

如何用英語動詞組成否定詞 

要形成否定詞,我們在動名詞或不定詞之前加入「not」: 

例如, 
I don’t mind not going to the beach today -- we can go tomorrow. 
I learnt to not always believe what I see on the internet.  

重點在於記住哪些動詞可以一起使用。但是,以下幾個實用規則有助於您更正確地使用英語動詞。  

在以下情況下,請務必使用英語動名詞 (動詞 + -ing): 

  • 在英語介系詞和片語動詞之後: 
    She’s interested in learning more. 
    He took up running and now he is training for a marathon. 

  • 當英語動詞是句子的主詞時:  
    Learning to read can take a long time. 
    Doing yoga is good for your health. 

在以下情況下,請務必使用不定詞: 

  • 表達目的,或說明您為什麼要做某事:  

例如, 

 I’m learning English to get a better job. 
 She’s wearing a suit to make a good first impression. 

  • 在形容詞或描述以下內容的單字之後: 
    It’s difficult to understand why people behave that way。 
    It’s lovely to be by the sea in summer.  

英語動詞的例外情況和變化  

談論喜不喜歡的動詞後面可以接動名詞或不定詞。但是意思略有不同: 

 I like going to the cinema whenever I can.(我喜歡它) 

I like to go to the cinema once a month.(這個習慣對我來說很重要) 

I love eating sushi (我喜歡它) 

I love to eat sushi with a cold lemonade.(我更喜歡以這種特別的方式吃壽司。這個習慣對我來說很重要)  

有些動詞後面可以接動名詞或不定詞,且意思相同。最常見的是 begin, bother, prefer, start, continue: 

 

Verb  
 
begin 

With Infinitive 
 
I began to sing 

With gerund 
 
I began singing 

bother 

Don’t bother to come to the party if you don’t want to see her. 

Don’t bother coming to the party if you don’t want to see her. 

continue 

He continued to work hard and passed the course. 

He continued working hard and passed the course. 

prefer 

I prefer to eat earlier in the day. 

I prefer eating earlier in the day. 

start 

I’ll start to study nearer the exam.  

I’ll start studying nearer the exam. 

其他一些動詞後面可以接動名詞或不定詞,但意義會改變。最常見的是 remember, try, stop. 

 

動詞 

接不定詞 

接動名詞 

remember 

I remembered to buy milk last night, on my way home from work. 

 

(在這個句子中,您是在回想最近發生的事情。您回憶起過去的一項工作,並且真的對那項工作做出了某些具體的行動或措施) 

I remember going to the beach every summer when I was young. 

 

(在這個句子中,您正在回想更久之前發生的事情。您當時去了海灘,現在則是在回想那段經歷) 

try 

Try to listen more in class. 

 

(務必在課堂上專心聆聽。這是個要求。) 

Try doing some exercise early in the morning 

 

(先嘗試一下,再決定喜不喜歡。這是個較為委婉的建議) 

stop 

I stopped studying to have a coffee break。 

 

(我當時在學習。然後我改變了那個活動。休息過後,我可能會繼續學習) 

I stopped smoking and now I feel much healthier.  

 

(我過去抽煙。現在我已戒菸) 

請記住,情態​​動詞後面一定是接不帶 to 的不定詞 (有時稱為原形不定詞)。這些動詞包括 should, might, must, may, ​​can, could. 

動詞 let and make 後面也是接原形不定詞,而不是不定詞 + to。  

使用英語動名詞和不定詞的常見文法錯誤 

 最常見的錯誤是選擇了錯誤的動詞形式。記住這些英語文法規則會有所幫助: 

1.英語片語動詞後面一定是接動名詞。 

2.只有句子中的第一個動詞是變化的。第二個動詞保持不變,無論動詞時態如何: 

 
例如, 

We really enjoyed went to the cinema. x 

We really enjoyed going to the cinema。​✓​ 

另一個常見的錯誤是使用不定詞 + to 而不是原形不定詞: 

例如, 

We must to finish our homework tonight. x 

We must finish our homework tonight.​✓​  

Fifi made me to eat the last piece of chocolate cake! x 

Fifi made me eat the last piece of chocolate cake!​✓​ 

電影和音樂中使用英語動詞的著名例子 

電影導演喜歡在電影片名中使用動名詞。著名的例子包括電影:Being John Malkovich, Driving Miss Daisy, Finding Nemo. 

不定詞出現在電影片名中的情況較少。但這裡有一個 – 1980 年代的警匪驚悚片 To Live and Die in LA.說到音樂,您可以聽聽 Celine Dion 的暢銷歌曲 'To Love You More'  
 
如果您想聽到歌名中包含動名詞的暢銷歌曲,這裡有一些例子: 
 
'Dancing Queen' by ABBA, 'Waiting for a Girl Like You' by Foreigner.‘Begin Again’ by Taylor Swift。最近,Chappell Roan 演唱了「Dancing at the Pink Pony Club......」 

迷你測驗 

尋找並改正這些句子裡的英語動詞錯誤。開始進行:

  1. Did you remember going to the shop?We haven’t got any coffee。 
  2. My parents wouldn’t let me to go to the party last night 
  3. To learn English is very difficult. 
  4. We stopped having a break at 11, and eat a snack. 
  5. Jenny is capable of to go to school alone now. 

Answers: 

  1. Did you remember to go to the shop?We haven’t got any coffee. 
  2. My parents wouldn’t let me go to the party last night 
  3. Learning English is very difficult. 
  4. We stopped to have a break at 11, and eat a snack. 
  5. Jenny is capable of going to school alone now.