隨著您的英語技能的提高並且能夠表達更複雜的想法時,您就會時常使用多個動詞來組成句子。在英語中有兩種方法可以做到這一點:
1:使用動名詞 (以 -ing 結尾的動詞)
2。 或使用不定詞 (動詞 + to)。
但是如何知道要使用哪種動詞?在這篇部落格文章中,我們將研究後面接 to 的英語動詞和後面接 ing 的英語動詞。
如果這能讓您稍感安慰,英語動詞即使對有經驗的學生來說,仍然會造成困擾。因此,參加成人英語課程會是一個非常明智的選擇。您可以向老師提問並即時獲得解答。而且,您可以在課堂上與其他學員一起練習英語對話,互相學習。請參考以下成人英語課程
英語的動名詞和不定詞動詞的使用時機?
Do you enjoy learning English?
Do you want to improve your English level?
請注意,每個句子中有兩個英語動詞。
Sentence 1: enjoy, learn.
Sentence 2: want, improve.
句子中的第一個動詞決定了第二個動詞後面接 -ing 還是 to。
在英語中,動詞 enjoy 後面必定加上動詞 + -ing 形式。want 這個動詞後面必定加上動詞 + to 形式。
英語動詞接 -ing 的文法規則是什麼?
為什麼有些英語動詞後面接動名詞,有些則是接不定詞動詞?簡單來說:無從得知,這就是英語演變的結果。
一本好的英語文法書會列出哪些動詞後面接動名詞,哪些動詞後面接不定詞 -- 您只需要熟記這些清單。聆聽英語對話並了解動詞的常見用法也有幫助。這也是為什麼您應該考慮參加成人英語會話課程的原因之一。
為了方便起見,這裡列出了一些最常用的英語動詞及其範例:
常見的英語動詞後接不定詞 +to
afford |
|
She can’t afford to buy a new computer now, so she’s borrowed mine. |
agree |
|
Do you agree to follow the rules? |
decide |
|
I’ve decided to move out of the city |
forget |
|
Don’t forget to lock the door when you leave! |
help |
|
Can you help to carry this bag, please? |
hope |
|
I hope to be back before 10pm tonight |
learn |
|
Joi learnt to speak English when he was five. |
need |
|
Do you need to go to the bank? There’s one there。 |
offer |
|
Dan offered to take me home |
plan |
|
We plan to visit New York next summer. |
pretend |
|
Lola was pretending to be asleep. |
promise |
|
Do they promise to come to the party? |
seem |
|
He seems to like his new school |
want |
|
He doesn’t want to go to his piano class |
Would like |
|
I’d really like to visit Spain. |
常見的英語動詞後接動名詞 -ing:
enjoy |
|
I enjoy going to the cinema. |
finish |
|
I finished studying and then went to the pub. |
imagine |
|
Can you imagine living in that palace? |
mind |
|
Do you mind helping me with this bag? |
Spend (time) |
|
She spends a lot of time uploading photos to the internet. |
suggest |
|
She suggests going to bed an hour earlier. |
avoid |
|
I’d avoid going that way -- there’s traffic jam! |
請注意,更多的動詞是接不定詞,而非動名詞。因此,如果您不確定,建議您嘗試使用不定詞。
如何用英語動詞組成否定詞
要形成否定詞,我們在動名詞或不定詞之前加入「not」:
例如,
I don’t mind not going to the beach today -- we can go tomorrow.
I learnt to not always believe what I see on the internet.
重點在於記住哪些動詞可以一起使用。但是,以下幾個實用規則有助於您更正確地使用英語動詞。
在以下情況下,請務必使用英語動名詞 (動詞 + -ing):
-
在英語介系詞和片語動詞之後:
She’s interested in learning more.
He took up running and now he is training for a marathon.
-
當英語動詞是句子的主詞時:
Learning to read can take a long time.
Doing yoga is good for your health.
在以下情況下,請務必使用不定詞:
-
表達目的,或說明您為什麼要做某事:
例如,
I’m learning English to get a better job.
She’s wearing a suit to make a good first impression.
-
在形容詞或描述以下內容的單字之後:
It’s difficult to understand why people behave that way。
It’s lovely to be by the sea in summer.
英語動詞的例外情況和變化
談論喜不喜歡的動詞後面可以接動名詞或不定詞。但是意思略有不同:
I like going to the cinema whenever I can.(我喜歡它)
I like to go to the cinema once a month.(這個習慣對我來說很重要)
I love eating sushi (我喜歡它)
I love to eat sushi with a cold lemonade.(我更喜歡以這種特別的方式吃壽司。這個習慣對我來說很重要)
有些動詞後面可以接動名詞或不定詞,且意思相同。最常見的是 begin, bother, prefer, start, continue:
Verb |
With Infinitive |
With gerund |
bother |
Don’t bother to come to the party if you don’t want to see her. |
Don’t bother coming to the party if you don’t want to see her. |
continue |
He continued to work hard and passed the course. |
He continued working hard and passed the course. |
prefer |
I prefer to eat earlier in the day. |
I prefer eating earlier in the day. |
start |
I’ll start to study nearer the exam. |
I’ll start studying nearer the exam. |
其他一些動詞後面可以接動名詞或不定詞,但意義會改變。最常見的是 remember, try, stop.
動詞 |
接不定詞 |
接動名詞 |
remember |
I remembered to buy milk last night, on my way home from work.
(在這個句子中,您是在回想最近發生的事情。您回憶起過去的一項工作,並且真的對那項工作做出了某些具體的行動或措施) |
I remember going to the beach every summer when I was young.
(在這個句子中,您正在回想更久之前發生的事情。您當時去了海灘,現在則是在回想那段經歷) |
try |
Try to listen more in class.
(務必在課堂上專心聆聽。這是個要求。) |
Try doing some exercise early in the morning
(先嘗試一下,再決定喜不喜歡。這是個較為委婉的建議) |
stop |
I stopped studying to have a coffee break。
(我當時在學習。然後我改變了那個活動。休息過後,我可能會繼續學習) |
I stopped smoking and now I feel much healthier.
(我過去抽煙。現在我已戒菸) |
動詞 let and make 後面也是接原形不定詞,而不是不定詞 + to。
使用英語動名詞和不定詞的常見文法錯誤
最常見的錯誤是選擇了錯誤的動詞形式。記住這些英語文法規則會有所幫助:
1.英語片語動詞後面一定是接動名詞。
2.只有句子中的第一個動詞是變化的。第二個動詞保持不變,無論動詞時態如何:
例如,
We really enjoyed went to the cinema. x
We really enjoyed going to the cinema。✓
另一個常見的錯誤是使用不定詞 + to 而不是原形不定詞:
例如,
We must to finish our homework tonight. x
We must finish our homework tonight.✓
Fifi made me to eat the last piece of chocolate cake! x
Fifi made me eat the last piece of chocolate cake!✓
電影和音樂中使用英語動詞的著名例子
電影導演喜歡在電影片名中使用動名詞。著名的例子包括電影:Being John Malkovich, Driving Miss Daisy, Finding Nemo.
不定詞出現在電影片名中的情況較少。但這裡有一個 – 1980 年代的警匪驚悚片 To Live and Die in LA.說到音樂,您可以聽聽 Celine Dion 的暢銷歌曲 'To Love You More'
如果您想聽到歌名中包含動名詞的暢銷歌曲,這裡有一些例子:
'Dancing Queen' by ABBA, 'Waiting for a Girl Like You' by Foreigner.‘Begin Again’ by Taylor Swift。最近,Chappell Roan 演唱了「Dancing at the Pink Pony Club......」
迷你測驗
尋找並改正這些句子裡的英語動詞錯誤。開始進行:
- Did you remember going to the shop?We haven’t got any coffee。
- My parents wouldn’t let me to go to the party last night
- To learn English is very difficult.
- We stopped having a break at 11, and eat a snack.
- Jenny is capable of to go to school alone now.
Answers:
- Did you remember to go to the shop?We haven’t got any coffee.
- My parents wouldn’t let me go to the party last night
- Learning English is very difficult.
- We stopped to have a break at 11, and eat a snack.
- Jenny is capable of going to school alone now.